Illegal Immigration Essay - 705 Words

Illegal Immigration Immigration, legal or otherwise, is a huge issue right now. Debates rage about how many immigrants should be allowed into the country and how zealously we should guard out border from illegal intruders. To a point, these people are correct, illegal immigration is something that should be stopped. People should not cross the border illegally or overstay on visits. The important question is, however, does illegal immigration deserve the massive amount of attention it receives? No, it does not. By looking at the respected immigrants of the past and thinking about the issues in a clear and objective way, it becomes apparent that illegal immigration (and legal immigration, for that matter) is not as vital an issue†¦show more content†¦In nations like Mexico and Vietnam, the same thing is happening today, they are undergoing the same convulsive demographic and economic disruptions that made migrants out of so many nineteenth century Europeans (Kennedy p.64). Those who are against the immigration of the 1990s also say that the European immigrants of the past were culturally similar to Americans, and that they were more willing to assimilate and become American. Neither of these things are true. Old immigrant groups like the Italians and may be seen as generically white and American now, but when they first began moving to the United States, they were as alien as the immigrants are today are. They were seen as culturally (and even physically) inferior to native Americans. Old immigrant groups had significant cultural differences that caused friction between them and the natives. Those immigrants of the past also did not come to America and instantly throw off all semblances of their and language and society. On the contrary, according to David Kennedy, many...exerted themselves to sustain their religions, tongues and ways of life (Kennedy p. 64). Current opponents of mass immigration also point to the large numbers of crimes committed by immigrants. They are forgetting that the immigrants of past had similar problems. When illegal immigration is not confused with legal immigration, debate can take place in a sane matter. As George BorjasShow MoreRelatedIllegal Immigration 1280 Words   |  6 PagesIllegal immigration has been a source of mounting concern in the United States since the 1970’s. Statistics indicate that the past ten years have witnessed an increase in the number of illegal immigrants with the number estimated to increase in the future. â€Å"The percentage of illegal immigrant population from Mexico was 59% (or 6.8 million) as of January 2013. Other countries with large amounts are El Salvador (660,000) Guatemala (52000), Hondorous (380,000) and China (280,000)† (Infoplease 1). TheRead MoreIllegal immigration2120 Words   |  9 PagesAlien Invasion Illegal immigration is widespread throughout the United States. There are 12 million or more illegal aliens in the United States, this number continues to rise (Swartz). This influx of illegal immigrants causes jobless Americans to lose out on opportunities. Employers choose to pay illegal immigrants lower wages than American workers. Is it right to pay illegal immigrants less than Americans to do the same job? Should the illegal immigrants be deported? Should border control be increasedRead MoreIllegal Immigration1753 Words   |  8 PagesIllegal Immigration The Economy of Illegal Immigration The Economy of Illegal Immigration Americans on a daily basis are bombarded with broadcasts from newspapers, television, and special interest groups on the economic burdens created by illegal immigrants. Reports and statistics of growing state and local deficits; is it fact or fiction? In reality, undocumented Mexicans are necessary to the health of our economy. They provide a workforce in agriculture they keep the costs down; theyRead MoreIllegal Immigration598 Words   |  3 Pagesl ARTICLE ON ILLEGAL IMMIGRATION Migration has always represented an important factor in society’s development. Ever since ancient times, people have been travelling around the world, some staying only for a while, some choosing to set (A SE STABILI) in certain areas, getting married and starting a family with a local partner. Consequently, cultures and languages mixed and this is how powerful nations like England, The USA, Germany were born. This phenomenon of migration also takes place nowadaysRead MoreIllegal Immigration1709 Words   |  7 PagesIllegal Immigration: The Undocumented Issue In this paper I will discuss one of the biggest issues in the United States: Illegal immigrants. Some may say that illegal immigration has a positive impact on the United States’ economy, and some think that these undocumented immigrants affect jobs and wages of people that are living in this country. I think that illegal immigrants harm the United States’ economy through their use of our country’s social services such as health care, education andRead MoreIllegal Immigration : Illegal Immigrants949 Words   |  4 PagesIllegal immigrants have been a hot topic lately due to the popularity of this topic amongst the Republican Presidential Nominees, especially Donald Trump. These illegal immigrants bring various things to this country when they come. Some things are positive, such as a family simply seeking to find a better life, while some things are harmful to the United States, such as the amount of crime among illegal immigrants. In July 2015, the most recen t estimate of illegal immigrants was 11.2 million. ThisRead MoreIllegal Immigrants And Illegal Immigration1286 Words   |  6 Pages Undocumented Immigration An analysis of illegal immigration in the United States reveals one challenge facing the banks and other institutions: whether to provide banking and other services to the illegal immigrants or to treat them as criminals because they are illegal and therefore, not to provide them with banking and other services. The articles, â€Å"Crossing the Line† by Stein and â€Å"Illegal Immigrants – They’re Money,† by Rodriguez discuss the impact of illegal immigration in the United StatesRead MoreIllegal Immigration And Illegal Immigrants1335 Words   |  6 PagesIllegal immigration has been one of the main topics during the last three presidential election. Many bills and laws have been passed in order to keep them out but is it really necessary to neglect illegal immigrant? Most Americans believe that illegal immigrants are only people of Mexicans or Latin American descent but illegal immigrants can be from any race or country. Illegal immigration is defined by United States Department of Homeland Security as â€Å"†¦ all foreign-born non-citizens who are notRead MoreIllegal Immigrants And Illegal Immigration964 Words   |  4 PagesA. Attention Step (quotation, question, or story) About four months ago in government class, we had a class discussion. The topic was illegal immigration. One student said that America should send the illegal immigrants back to their country because they are taking American’s jobs. He stated that he would send his dad back to Mexico because he is an illegal immigrant. Going around the circle that we created, everyone gave their opinions, most disagreed, but some agreed with the student. When itRead MoreIllegal Immigrants : Illegal Immigration1155 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Illegal Immigration is a huge topic especially in 2017, bringing in different aspects about illegal immigrants. Illegal immigrants are told to be killers, drug dealers, job stealers and whom also hurt the U.S. economy. Is this true? Could it possibly be that they do all of this to hurt the United States? Or could it be that they truly come here for the American Dream? On one side of people’s perspectives illegal immigrants come here to help provide for their family and don’t take

River island in Ipswich in the UK Example

Essays on River island in Ipswich in the UK Essay River Island in Ipswich in the UK River Island in Ipswich in the UK For each available year, CALCULATE the Company’s: Gross profit margin = Gross profit /revenue =180,362,050/670538155 2006 = 0.27 2007 = 155,053,275/652,257,262 = 0.23 2008 = 165,588,865/677,359,466 = 0.24 2009 = 168785159/735570248 = 0.23 2010 =156152209/720328095 = 0.21 2011 =131.1/720.7 (Million) = 0.018 2012 = 139.3/739.7 = 0.18 Operating profit margin = Operating Income/Net sales 2006 =153645793/108534827 = 1.42 2007 = 131765867/95096280 = 1.38 2008 =132012406/110057792 = 1.19 2009 = 130341526/119735976 = 1.08 2010 = 113885312/110793773 = 1.02 2011 = 84.7/74.5 = 1.13 2012 =95.6/78.8 = 1.21 Net profit margin = Net profit/ Revenue 2006 =108534827/670538155 = 0.16 2007 =95096280/652257262 = 0.14 2008 =110057792/677359466 = 1.16 2009 =119735976/735570248 = 0.16 2010 = 94544873/720328095 = 0.01 2011 = 74.5/720.7 = 0.1 2012 = 78.8/739.7 = 0.1 Cash conversion cycle measures the amount time it takes for the company to transform its resource inputs into cash flow. It is an attempt to measure the length of time each net income is tied up in the production and sales before it can be converted to cash through sales. 2006 CCC = DIO +DSO – DPO DIO= (490176105-433075251)/2 =37582854/1342948.2 = 28 days DSO = average AR/Revenue per day = 3408312/1837090.8 =1.8 days DPO = Avarage AP/Revenue per day =0.2 days CCC =(DIO +DSO)-DPO =(28 +1.8) -0.2 2006 = 29.6 days 2007 = DIO = 23208606.5/1362202 = 17 days DSO = average AR/Revenue per day =1948968.5/1787006 = 1 day DPO = Avarage AP/Revenue per day = 385132.5/1787006 = 0.2 days 2007 CCC =(17 +1) -0.2 = -17.8 days 2008 CCC = DIO = 12551102/1402111 = 8.9 days DSO = average AR/Revenue per day = -393917/1855779.3 = -0.2 days DPO = Avarage AP/Revenue per day = -553841/1855779.3 = -0.3 days 2008 CCC =(8.9 +-0.2) –0.3 = 9 days DIO = 735570248/1552761.9 =473.7 days DSO = average AR/Revenue per day =2645844/ (735570248/365) =2645844/2015260.9 = 1.31 days DPO = Avarage AP/Revenue per day =1692193/2015260.9 = 0.8 days 2009 CCC = (473.7 +1.31) -0.8 = 474.9 Days 2010 CCC = DIO = -15242153/1545687.3 = -9.8 days DSO = average AR/Revenue per day =673272.5/1973501.6 =0.34 days DPO = Avarage AP/Revenue per day = 2330366/1973501.6 =1.2 days 2010 CCC = (-9.8+0.3) – 1.3 = - 10.8 days 2011 CCC DIO = 200000/1615342.5 = 0.1 Days DSO = 750000/1974520.5 = 0.3 days DPO =7500000/1974520.5 = 3.8 days 2011 CCC = (0.1+0.3) – 3.8 = -3.4 days 2. DESCRIBE and EXPLAIN the Company’s financial performance over this period. According to the consolidated Profit and Loss account at the end of 2006, the turnover was 670,538,155 which was an increase of  £75,165,708 from the 2005 turnover. The general performance of the company was better compared to the previous year as reflected by the gross profit and the operating profit. Gross profit grew by  £18,064,854 while net profit for the 2006 financial year was  £6,228,997 from the previous financial year. The company’s financial performance in 2007 was negative despite a higher turnover of  £652257262 which was a significant increase of  £46,417,213 from the previous year. The Cost of good sold went up by  £ 56,218,923. Affected the net operating profit which dipped by  £1,710,525. Despite the rise in the cost of goods sold, the performance for the 2008 fiscal year rose. The turnover was 677,359,466. This was  £25,102,204 higher compared to the previous financial year. The cost of goods rose by  £14,566,614 but this did not affect the profits as the company recorded a net operating profit of  £110057792. From the loss received the previous year, the profit for the 2008 saw an increase of  £14961512. There was a momentous rise of  £58,210,782 in the company’s turnover in the 2009 financial period (RIVER ISLAND, 2009 p7). Nevertheless, the rise in the cost of goods sold and the distribution and administration expenses led to a dip in the profits. For instance, the administration expenses rose from 33,576,459 to 38,443,633 (a difference of 4,867,174) Furthermore, the interest receivable was noticeably low compared to the previous year while interest payable rose exponentially from  £731, 1003 to 2,423,196. Therefore, the company paid  £1,622,193 more on interest and other charges. Still, the company managed a raise in its profits after taxation from 110,057,792 the previous year to  £119,735,976 in 2009. The turnover for the 2010 (RIVER ISLAND, 2010 p9) fiscal year was  £720,328,095. This was a significant depression of  £15,242,153. The implication was that the overall profit after taxation would reduce. Despite the reduction in the cost of goods sold. Distribution and administration expenses increased from  £38,443,633 the previous year to 42,266,897 (a difference of  £3,823,264) this affected the operating profit which plunged to  £113,885,312 from  £130,564,174 the previous financial year. The profit after taxation was reduced further by the higher taxation and increased charges on interest payables. As a result, the profit after taxation was  £ 94,544,873 this was a loss of  £25,191,103. The 2011 financial year saw a slight increase on the overall turnover of the company. However, the cost of production rose. Similarly, distribution and administration expenses and interest payable grew considerably. These affected the profits negatively resulting to a loss of  £20.1 million. In the 2012 financial year, the turnover rose to  £739.7 from  £720.1 (million). However, the cost of sales continued to rise to  £600.4 from  £589.6 million (RIVER ISLAND, 2012 p8). Though the distribution and administration expenses reduced, improving the operating profit, interest payable and other charges increased from  £8.6 million in 2011 to  £8.8 million in 2012. As a result, the company performed better in 2012 compared to 2011. The overall performance of the company across the six years show a downward trend with higher gross profit margin of 0.27 in 2006 to .018 in 2012. The cost of production, administration and distribution expenses and the interest payables grew exponentially across the six financial periods while the turnover reduced. This could be blamed to the external factors such as the economic crisis that begin in the late 2007 and peeked in 2008/2009. For instance sales in the clothing and textile sector of the economy fell due to the credit crunch due to the collapse in the consumer confidence, loss of employment. There was a 2.1% reduction in garment sales in the year 2008. Manufacturers and exporters also suffered. The volume of exports in the US fell both in value (10%) and volume (5%) and continued throughout the fiscal years. 3. In the 52 weeks to 29 December 2012, River Island Clothing Co Ltd paid over  £70 million in rent on its shops. a) CALCULATE the Business Rates payable for 2013-14 on the River Island shop that has been allocated to you. River Island Clothing Co. Ltd. i. 15a, TOWER RAMPARTS CENTRE, TAVERN STREET, IPSWICH, IP1 3BB (RIVER ISLAND WEBSITE, page1) a) The business rate = multiplier Ãâ€" ratable value = 29,250Ãâ€" n = 29,250n (this is because there is no value from the website indicating the multiplier). b) SUBMIT a copy of the relevant page from the Valuation Office Agency website with details of your shop’s rateable value. Source: Valuation Office Agency (http://www.2010.voa.gov.uk/rli/en/basic/find/valuation/2010/10720484000/8795776000/H) c) STATE one interesting fact about the town, city or suburb in which your shop is located. Ipswich is the oldest permanently inhabited town in the country with evidence of settlement dating far as 625 AD. It was the first town to be built by the Anglo-Saxons when they conquered Britain and was originally called Gypeswic. It was known for its large scale potteries that begun with the Fresian potters. These helped establish the town as a trading town References RIVER ISLAND. Annual Reports. Retrieved April 19, 2014, from http://www.riverisland.com/ RIVER ISLAND. Store Locater. Retrieved April 19, 2014, from http://www.riverisland.com/how-can-we-help/store-locator/Search?Query=IpswichWomen=falseMen=falseKids=falseChelseaGirl=falseSuperstore=falseHollowayRoad=falseAccessBoutique=false VALUATION OFFICE AGENCY. My valuation. Retrieved April 19, 2014, from http://www.2010.voa.gov.uk/rli/en/basic/find/valuation/2010/10720484000/8795776000/H

Fiction coursework final draft Mollie Coucill Free Essays

The moon shone hauntingly over the harsh pine trees protruding from the stiff ground like a stake from the heart of a vampire. New layers of snow fell on the cold, hard ground of the forest, covering prints that had been created there earlier that day. In the centre of Newgrove Forest a river ran fiercely and deeply, splitting the fearsome forest in half. We will write a custom essay sample on Fiction coursework final draft Mollie Coucill or any similar topic only for you Order Now Beyond the eastern section of the river stood a great manor-house, some what out of place in the eighteenth century Albanian woodland surrounding it. The house was humongous and daunting, a charcoal-burned monstrosity towering over its extensive graveyard, with hundreds of memorials and tombstones protruding from the ground at various angles. Of all the various windows lining the stone walls of the house, only one was lit; and through it was a collection of the most curious and fearsome creatures that human eyes had ever witnessed. There were twelve gathered in that room – eleven of them daemons clothed in nothing but their thick skin and lusting for flesh. Every one of the monstrous beasts was different from the next, with various differing characteristics; some bore horns and piercing crimson skin, others with a mucus colouring, and several limbs more than was normal. These eleven were gathered around a twelfth, who was clothed in hooded grey robes. Seemingly human, the twelfth member of this estranged committee appeared to be preaching to the impatient creatures around him. â€Å"Daemons of the vortex, too long have you been imprisoned within these walls! Too long have you been prevented from wreaking havoc in this world of man! And too long you have had to wait in dear anticipation for your next kill.† The man spoke in a harsh rasping voice that echoed throughout the room. â€Å"There is one who can help you; one whose death would bring forth the dawn of the new age- the age of the daemon.† The surrounding daemons began to holler and scream in excitement: they knew that this man was talking of freeing them from the house forever. â€Å"Who is this man?† asked a repulsive purple daemon, who seemed to be the leader of the daemons present. â€Å"Why, the only offspring of the long-dead monarchy of Albania,† commented the hooded figure, smugly. â€Å"Impossible!† muttered the head-daemon. â€Å"We wiped out those scum long before we were imprisoned here! You had better not lie to me, Broc!† â€Å"Well you missed one – didn’t you?† replied the man called Broc, now starting to become impatient. â€Å"All I know is that there is a boy, close to seventeen years of age, who has been branded. I saw him with my very eyes.† â€Å"Why haven’t I been informed of this?† screamed the head-daemon. â€Å"The Remok- they tracked down my enemies sixteen years ago! How could they have missed a child? I will see the end of this. Bring them forth! They will bring the boy.† â€Å"No! I mean†¦ I will see to it that the boy is brought here as soon as possible.† Broc, for the first time, showed a hint of fear; the Remok were not to be messed with. â€Å"Very well – I expect him by full moon. Three days Broc.† Replied the daemon. This marked the end of the conference, and he and his minions left, allowing Broc to show himself out. Meanwhile, beyond the western side of the river, perhaps twenty miles away from the water lay a small village within a clearing, consisting of twenty sawdust huts, held together with mud. In a hut much like any other slept a teenage boy on a mattress made of straw. Visible on the boy’s left wrist was a black tattoo- resembling an eye, impaled upon a spear. The detailing of the tattoo showed that the artist must have been of a superb standard. For now, the boy slept on. Later, when the sun was at its prime, the boy’s eyes shot open. The light was slicing through holes in the thick fibres of the wall. He screwed up his eyes, stood from his bed, and stepped from the hut. Today marked an important occasion for the boy, as it was his seventeenth birthday. He was now permitted to leave the village to search for a livelihood for himself. However, the boy had already vowed that he would leave- not to find a job- but to find his family. When he was a month or so old, the boy had been found outside the hut of the local healer, Theo, who raised the boy and called him Yan. For the next seventeen years Theo brought up Yan as his own son. He was honest with the boy; letting him know of his mysterious heritage, but Yan had always been curious, and there was no stopping him leaving the village. Now that day had arrived, Yan could not leave soon enough. When Yan had collected his belongings and retrieved his mule from the village stables, he set off on his journey, which would take him through the woods, and ultimately to the river-city of Hoelra – the city of the water. Yan travelled for three solid hours through the dense cluster of trees that had formed between his village and the river before reaching the town of Glaera, where he would stop for the night. Yan wandered through the town increasingly warily- there were dead and dying people cluttering the streets of the town, many of the dead had weeping relatives draped over their lifeless corpses. Something had happened there the previous night. Yan lowered himself from his mule as a woman collapsed at his feet, howling with pain and despair. Yan put a hand forward to lift her face and quickly recoiled. Where the left side of her face would have been, was a great bloody hole, with various brains dripping from it How to cite Fiction coursework final draft Mollie Coucill, Papers

Decisions faced by managers Essay Example For Students

Decisions faced by managers Essay What are some important financial decisions that Business Owners face in a slowing economy? It has been said, solidly run small businesses actually hold their own during downturns. (Mark Vitner, a senior economist with first Union Corporation) While all business owners would like to classify themselves as solidly Run, Here are some of the thing that I believe warrant consideration by any business owner during a slowing economy1) Should I Reconsider and/or revise the existing business plan?One of the most important things you can do during an economic downturn is to evaluate your business plan. All businesses need a plan to define where they are going and how they are going to get there. (http://www.bizplanprep.com/)Your business plan is the working base for your company. Have your current day to day operations led you to a new position in the marketplace? Or have you strayed from a successful formula? Should you write a new business plan? Should you reinforce the guidelines for the c urrent business plan? Sit down and examine the plan from the viewpoint of an investor looking to purchase the company and make any revisions that seem appropriate. 2) What should I do with the budget?In a downturn one of the first places many businesses cut expenses are in advertising a real mistake. As part of the philosophy of expanding your base and recruiting more customers, you need to advertise and sell more than ever. People are looking for better ways to do business. If you have established strong customer satisfaction, this is the time to get the message out. 3) Should I start a power circle or an advisory board?Advisory Boards are being implemented by companies globally to leverage knowledge.(http://partner-com.com/advisory.html)Advisory boards consist of industry and community leaders i.e.: attorneys, certified public accountants, civic club leaders, owners or managers of businesses similar to yours or with whom you do business, also retired executives may be available. The latest industry jargon for these types of boards is Power Circles. An apt name because the members should be power connections for you knowledgeable about the marketplace in which you do business. These individuals should be able to provide you with the information that you need to make good decisions. The purpose of the board is to offer you a viewpoint other than your own. They should be people you can be truthful with and who will keep your disclosures private. Most groups like this discuss specific business problems you have, using the meeting to brainstorm poss ible solutions. If you dont belong to civic and professional organizations, find some and join. Here are groups of people facing similar challenges to you. Their joint expertise and resources can be a powerful support mechanism when times are tough. 4) How much emphasis have I placed on customer service in the past?Your loyal repeat customers are the lifeblood of your business in any economic climate. In a downturn they are what keep you in business. Treat them very well. Spend time listening to your clients to hear what they like and do not like about the methodologies and systems in place. Change those that your customers do not like that are not essential to the business model. Take time to be innovative in meeting your customer needs. Perhaps taking the time to computerize customer information would allow you to more easily access their particular preferences and respond quickly to their needs. Perhaps taking time to call special clients to discuss how you could serve them better would be productive. Maybe an extra driver would reduce your delivery time. Do whatever you need to do to keep your current customers loyal and to position yourself to win new customers. .u4ac696cc407faf324e73f4efe1d2e40b , .u4ac696cc407faf324e73f4efe1d2e40b .postImageUrl , .u4ac696cc407faf324e73f4efe1d2e40b .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u4ac696cc407faf324e73f4efe1d2e40b , .u4ac696cc407faf324e73f4efe1d2e40b:hover , .u4ac696cc407faf324e73f4efe1d2e40b:visited , .u4ac696cc407faf324e73f4efe1d2e40b:active { border:0!important; } .u4ac696cc407faf324e73f4efe1d2e40b .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u4ac696cc407faf324e73f4efe1d2e40b { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u4ac696cc407faf324e73f4efe1d2e40b:active , .u4ac696cc407faf324e73f4efe1d2e40b:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u4ac696cc407faf324e73f4efe1d2e40b .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u4ac696cc407faf324e73f4efe1d2e40b .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u4ac696cc407faf324e73f4efe1d2e40b .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u4ac696cc407faf324e73f4efe1d2e40b .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u4ac696cc407faf324e73f4efe1d2e40b:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u4ac696cc407faf324e73f4efe1d2e40b .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u4ac696cc407faf324e73f4efe1d2e40b .u4ac696cc407faf324e73f4efe1d2e40b-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u4ac696cc407faf324e73f4efe1d2e40b:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Sophie's World Essay5) How Do I Expand Relationships with Existing Clients/ Sign More Long-term DealsGiven that your customers are satisfied, they should want to do more business with you. Find out if there are ways you can grow the depth and breadth of the product lines you have been delivering. By offering more products or services or fulfilling other needs that they have. Long-term relationships add to your security. So, if you have happy customers, offer a discount to those who are willing to sign a long-term contract or who are willing to pay cash up front for a contracted set of services. Cash up front is particularly attractive because it makes you look good on pape r and can allow you to lock in favorable financing from financial institutions. 6) When should I Seek New Business Opportunities (Diversify)A downturn sounds like a terrible time to diversify, doesnt it? But there are opportunities out there to be taken. And given that you have done your homework in establishing yourself on a solid financial base, this is an opportune time to broaden your base. Diversification gives you more stability because a down market in one product may be compensated for by another product. The tricky part is, of course, finding complementary products that face differing market challenges. You dont want to stretch your expertise by producing totally different products, yet you do want to target different types of markets so that softness in one may not be mirrored in the other. A simple example of a way to seek new opportunities is to establish an Internet business for a retail store. You have provided a new way to service your regular customers and expanded t he audience you reach. 7) Should I Form AlliancesAlliances with your vendors or with closely aligned types of products is always a good way to strengthen your customer base. With the right alliance you are reaching a broader spectrum of possible customers and you have more to offer each potential customer. 8) Can I Diversify My Customer BaseIt may be possible that you have been selling to a limited subgroup within the community and you can expand the appeal of your product to a wider audience. For instance, you may be primarily selling to a specific age, ethnic, or gender group and with different advertising or a slight modification in the product, you can reach a broader spectrum of the population. Simple things like instructions in another language or wording advertising slightly differently can have a major impact in which new customers your business attracts. 9) Can I Find Ways to Save Time and MoneyCollections are a great place to start in tightening your belt. Not only do you need to be providing incentives to your customers to pay on time or even early, but you need an efficient collection system that gives you advance warning of problems as they develop. Similarly, you need to be paying your bills on time and taking advantage of every possible discount that you can. Look at fixed and variable costs. What among the variable costs can you cut back on or put off for later? What among the fixed costs can you find a better deal on or negotiate more favorable terms for? And, pay attention to your banking relationships. Keep in touch with your banker, apprising them of any company developments. If you face a tight situation, having your banker knowledgeable about the positives of you and your business will make them much more amenable to helping you through difficult times. Consider lowering your prices. You need to maintain your profitability, but you also need to retain your customers who are also most likely hurting. If you can find more efficient methods that allow you to cut costs, not only will you retain your customers, but you also may attract others. .udb4b419e50ae0c8593cc78ec99a1854e , .udb4b419e50ae0c8593cc78ec99a1854e .postImageUrl , .udb4b419e50ae0c8593cc78ec99a1854e .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .udb4b419e50ae0c8593cc78ec99a1854e , .udb4b419e50ae0c8593cc78ec99a1854e:hover , .udb4b419e50ae0c8593cc78ec99a1854e:visited , .udb4b419e50ae0c8593cc78ec99a1854e:active { border:0!important; } .udb4b419e50ae0c8593cc78ec99a1854e .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .udb4b419e50ae0c8593cc78ec99a1854e { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .udb4b419e50ae0c8593cc78ec99a1854e:active , .udb4b419e50ae0c8593cc78ec99a1854e:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .udb4b419e50ae0c8593cc78ec99a1854e .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .udb4b419e50ae0c8593cc78ec99a1854e .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .udb4b419e50ae0c8593cc78ec99a1854e .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .udb4b419e50ae0c8593cc78ec99a1854e .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .udb4b419e50ae0c8593cc78ec99a1854e:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .udb4b419e50ae0c8593cc78ec99a1854e .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .udb4b419e50ae0c8593cc78ec99a1854e .udb4b419e50ae0c8593cc78ec99a1854e-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .udb4b419e50ae0c8593cc78ec99a1854e:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Can Money Buy Happiness Essay10) Am I Watching for Signs and Acting on ThemLook for changes in psychology and behavior in your clientele. They may be spending less or putting projects on hold. They may not be paying their bills as quickly. If you are in touch with your customers, you will be aware of differences in buying habits. Contact them before they contact you about what the problems are. Can you help them in some way? You can gain a longtime relationship with a customer by approaching them proactively with the view of being there to help them through their own hard times. 11) Have I Mobilized My People to Save JobsEconomic downturns are scary times for employees. Many firms cut personnel and add to the workload of the remaining employees. Involve them in cost cutting. Let them know they are important to you and that you are committed to keeping them. If they know that they are perceived as an active part of the solution, they can identify sources of savings that never occurred to you. Find rewards that are not costly yet acknowledge their efforts. As hokey as it sounds, one successful businessman placed post-it notes on the restroom mirrors every evening noting positives that had been reported about various individuals during that day. It became a delightful, early morning ritual for the employees to discover each morning what the CEO had noted from the day before. Proper application of any of these techniques will add to overall gains in profitability and morale this is what makes a solidly run business solidly run. It means returning to the roots of your business and making certain that every one is healthy. All of these principles are worth revisiting at least annually, in good or bad times. Words/ Pages : 1,539 / 24

Tragic Heros and Things Fall Apart Essay Example For Students

Tragic Heros and Things Fall Apart Essay By definition, a tragic hero is someone usually of elevated status, who has a character flaw, which causes his demise. In the novel Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe, the character Okonkwo is an exemplary model of a tragic hero, fitting all parts of the definition. The first requirement of a tragic hero is that he is of lofty social status. Okonkwo, although not of royalty as classical tragic heroes were, is one of the elite in the tribe. He participates at tribal meetings and even dresses as one of the nine spirits during festivals. But Okonkwo was not born into wealth and prestige; rather he had to slave on his farm in-order to achieve his status. This helps to characterize Okonkwo as not only elite, but also as a great man. Unfortunately for Okonkwo, his spirit, strong enough to bring him to the top, also contained a flaw, which would bring him down. We will write a custom essay on Tragic Heros and Things Fall Apart specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Ironically, the fatal flaw in Okonkwo’s character was his passion, the same passion that drove him to succeed. It was a passion for his family, his work, and his culture that at times mutated into anger, and even fear. And this character flaw is all that it takes to cause his demise. As with all tragic heroes, Okonkwo suffered a sorrowful and disastrous downfall. His passion first broke his home, starting with Nwoye abandoning his ancestors and joining the church. Then all of Okonkwo’s work was destroyed, as he would lose his status and farm, too things he worked extremely hard for. Finally, he witnessed the beginning of the end for the Ibo tribe and its culture at the hands of â€Å"civilization†. Adding more support to Okonkwo’s characterization as a tragic hero is the fact that in his death, he took his own life, he violated the Ibo customs he fought so hard to protect and preserve. More than anything else, it is in death that Okonkwo becomes a tragic hero.

Fiscal and Monetary Policies

Fiscal and Monetary Policies Free Online Research Papers Fiscal and Monetary Policies Fiscal and monetary policies focus on quickly returning the economy to sustainable, healthy growth. Any type of fiscal relief package will boost consumer and business spending and can augment the nations long-term growth potential. Expansionary monetary policy can stimulate growth and provide insurance against the possibility of deflation. Both fiscal and monetary policies affect aggregate demand. But because discretionary fiscal policy changes in the U.S. are often difficult to enact in a timely fashion, automatic fiscal stabilizers and discretionary monetary policies are commonly viewed as the primary policy tools for macroeconomic stabilization. However, there are situations in which monetary policy might be unable to stimulate the economy, and discretionary fiscal policy would be needed to combat a recession. In the face of a recession, central banks reduce interest rates, but no central bank can lower interest rates below zero. Fiscal policy, the taxing and spending policies of the federal government, also has the potential to influence economic conditions. Throughout 2002-2004, I remember all the debates made in Congress about what to do with spending and taxes in order to stimulate spending. Taxes were lowered and spending increased. This debate is one of the key differences between fiscal and monetary policy. Fiscal policy is much more difficult to implement. However, fiscal policy, once adopted, is likely to have a faster effect on spending. Monetary policy decisions are much easier to institute and more responsive to economic conditions, but take longer to actually have an effect. 1. GDP growth is approximately 1.5%, and has been at approximately that level for two years. The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is the sum of good and services produced in the United States for a given period. It is an indicator of general business activity, economic growth and a good index for the economy. The most widely followed measure of economic growth is Real GDP, which adjusts GDP to remove the effects of inflation. The anemic annual GDP rate of growth of 1.5% above over the past two years is well below market expectations. This lack of growth may be attributed to effects from job growth; tax cuts and lower interest rates. The rate of economic growth means the percent change in Real Gross Domestic Product (RGDP). The low GDP can also be attributed to consumption, investment and government expenditures and net exports. 2. Inflation as measured by CPIGDP deflator has been approximately 1-2% for the last 2 years. Inflation has been defined as a process of continuously rising prices or equivalently, of a continuously falling value of money. Various indexes have been devised to measure different aspects of inflation. The purpose of the Consumer Price Index (CPI) is to measure the purchasing power of wages paid to an average urban worker. The weights used for the CPI are the quantities of goods and services purchased by the average urban wage earner. The CPI measures inflation as experienced by consumers in their day-to-day living expenses and the Gross Domestic Product Deflator (GDP Deflator) measures combine the experience with inflation of federal, state and local governments. There are specialized measures, such as measures of interest rates and measures of consumers and business executives expectations of inflation. While the low inflation of 1%-2% above is desirable, too low inflation or outright deflation may be harmful. I think a pickup in economic activity in this example would be expected to help minimize the risks of deflation. It seems there is a relationship between the growth of production and inflation, so that lower production growth leads to lower inflation, or higher production growth leads to higher inflation. The inflation described above also means there is more demand or money than there are goods and this causes an increase in prices and drives down the worth of the dollar. 3. Unemployment has recently moved to 7.3%, up from 7% one year ago and 6.5% two years ago. As economic activity increases (growth in Real GDP), unemployment rates fall, and as economic activity declines (fall-off in Real GDP), unemployment rates rise. The above unemployment rate of 7.3% compared with 7% one year ago and 6.6 % two years ago underscores both the difficulties in predicting when an economic acceleration will take hold and the need for fiscal and monetary policy actions designed to hasten that acceleration to return the economy to full employment. The lack of job creation may have led to a marked decline in the growth of the labor force. Since fewer workers are competing for scarce jobs, this has the effect of preventing the unemployment rate from rising more quickly, masking the full extent of the underlying hardship. The unemployment numbers above reveal the current weakness in the labor market, and its consequences. High unemployment rates lower the living standards of many working families. The persistent lack of job growth may lead to lengthening spells of unemployment and slower wage and income growth. The primary goal of domestic economic policy at this point should be to target and reverse these negative trends 4. The Federal Funds rate target is 3.5%, and the Discount rate is 3.25%. The discount rate of 3.25% is the interest rate the Federal Reserve is charging banks if banks borrow reserves from the Federal Reserve itself. It is the only actual interest rate that the Federal Reserve sets. The target for the federal funds rate of 3.5% above was set by the Federal Reserve, but the rate itself is determined in markets. Banks seldom borrow reserves from the Federal Reserve and tend to rely more on borrowing reserves from other banks when they are needed. The discount rate is often changed along with the target for the federal funds rate, but the change does not have a very important effect. The rates above follow the current government policy to be stimulative and encourage increases in spending and production. The Federal Reserve perceives that, with appropriate monetary policy action, the upside and downside risks to the attainment of both sustainable growth and price stability should be kept roughly equal. With underlying inflation expected to be contained, the Federal Reserve believes that policy accommodation can be removed at a pace that is likely to be measured. Nonetheless, the Federal Reserve must have responded to changes in economic prospects to fulfill its obligation to maintain price stability. Looks like while inflationary pressures were increased; expectations of increased inflation over time may have not changed. This means that the Federal Reserve expects to continue to increase the target for the federal funds rate again. 5. The Government budget has been operating at a deficit of approximately $60 billion for the last year, up from $50 billion the year before. Based on the numbers above, the deficit has grown enormously. Some would say it’s a bad thing, and predict impending doom; others would say it is a safe and stable necessity to maintain a healthy economy. This depreciation of the dollar counters the cost of the deficit but destroys the purchasing power of the dollar. Despite its dangers, inflation is used to some extent to curb the debt. Crowding out is when the government is looking for the same capital that the business sector wants to invest. This causes fierce competition for funds to invest and causes an increase in interest rates and often business will decide against further investment and growth. The government may have the money to build new highways but the truckers cannot afford trucks to use on them. The governments needs will â€Å"crowd out† business needs and in my opinion, turns potential assets into waste. The dollar amount of the debt above may increase but so does the amount of money or GDP to pay for the debt. Seems like the deficit could be run without cost. Research Papers on Fiscal and Monetary PoliciesPETSTEL analysis of IndiaThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationDefinition of Export QuotasInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesAppeasement Policy Towards the Outbreak of World War 2Incorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalTwilight of the UAWOpen Architechture a white paperNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This NiceAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 Europe

Introduction to Financial Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Introduction to Financial Management - Essay Example Do 16 (1 + g) ^2 where Do is the opening amount of dividend, g is the growth rate and â€Å"2† is the period. For this type of growth, to determine the growth level at time t, the value can be determined once by introducing a power, which is t as follows Dt = 16 (1 + g) ^t (Titman, Keown & Martin, n.d., pp. 3-13). The time t for the dividend growth is one year, therefore, the t = 1. Market capitalization rate indicates the rate of return on investment. Therefore, the price of the stock = 24 (1 +0.09) ^1/(1 + 0.15) ^1 = 22.75 pence (Titman, Keown & Martin, n.d., pp. 3-13). The return on equity = Net income/equity. Mannington’s ROE = 20%. Let net income be x. Therefore, 20% = x/(200,000,000 * 50) = x/10,000,000,000. X = (20% * 10,000,000,000) = 2,000,000,000. Mannington company declared 60% of the profits (net profit) as dividends. On that note, the total dividend to be paid = (60% * 2,000,000,000) = 1,200,000,000. The company’s dividend per share = (1,200,000,000/200,000,000) = 6pence per share. Given the company’s expected rate of return, at this point it is possible to obtain the value of the shares using the formula Vs = D/rs where Vs is share value, D is the dividend and rs is the expected return. Therefore, Vs = (6/0.13) = 46.15pence (Titman, Keown & Martin, n.d., pp. 3-13). Using the formula for constant dividend growth, RCs = D/Vcs + g where rcs is the return, D is the dividend, Vcs is the share price and g is the growth. Therefore, return = (20/2.35) + 0.06 = 8.571% (Titman, Keown & Martin, n.d., pp. 3-13). The director’s view that the retained earnings would be cheaper than the preference share is valid. To justify the validity, the only cost that accompanies the use of retained earnings is the failure to pay dividends to the shareholders. Thus retained earnings have no flotation cost, they are tax free and does not lead to loss of control of a company. Preference shares on the

U05a1 Project Annotated Outline and Annotated Bibliography Essay

U05a1 Project Annotated Outline and Annotated Bibliography - Essay Example health care is completely covered for and is accessible to all. This is a very common topic for almost all Americans. b) This makes the topic very important as it will permit getting a clear understanding of where the health care sector is headed and what is the future for the health care of the middle class American families. The document provides a clear report on the effects of the patients protection and affordable care act of 2009. The document is detailed with a clear explanation of the act and is very helpful in developing the study further. The above mentioned document provides a clear summary of the act and also provides a detailed explanation of the theory and the overall study which is very helpful for this study. This is an overall very helpful paper and is helpful in completion of this research. Dorgan, B. L. (2010). The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act and the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act. Retrieved May 26, 2010, from Democratic Policy Committee: http://dpc.senate.gov/dpcdoc-sen_health_care_bill.cfm This website provides a detailed explanation of the act and is very insightful as it provides a through explanation of the topic and also provides insight into the benefits and drawback of the act as well. This website will prove to be very helpful for the research as it is a direct government website and is updated with the latest on the topic and all discussions regarding the topic are easily available in simple and straightforward language making it easier to follow and

McDonald's Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

McDonald's - Case Study Example This is in line with its strategy of product re-imaging. McDonald’s know that at some point in time, products have a life cycle. In terms of pricing, McDonald’s is careful on setting the price for its product, as they consider the customer’s perception of value. Their philosophy behind this is that when their food is priced too low, customers may think that low price is indicative of low quality. Promotions play an important role in the marketing strategy of McDonalds. Most commonly used are TV, billboards, and a mix of marketing tools to get people’s attention, be interested, desire for the food and finally to act and buy. As to place, McDonald’s can be found in almost all areas around the world, which are 32,748 as of 2009. Location is part of re-imaging policy of the company. The bonus compensation plan of McDonald’s is the share-based compensation plan that grants executives various equity-based incentives that includes stock options and restricted stock units (McDonald’s Annual Report 2009) One of the problems of stock options is the upside and downward risk of price of stocks. Stock options have vesting time so that when stock option vests, the executive exercises option whether to buy the stock or not.

Freedom Of Speech And Expression Philosophy Essay

Freedom Of Speech And Expression Philosophy Essay Critically analyze the following statement, which is often attributed to Voltaire I disapprove of what you say, but I will defend to the death your right to say it. All humans live in societies. In these societies rules of behavior are very important in order for people to treat their fellow human beings equally. These rules of behavior are commonly called human rights. Human Rights are universal and thus apply to all people on the basis of being human regardless sex, race, nationality, sexual orientation, political opinion or any other status. As Michael Douglas said Human Rights for everyone is the necessary foundation upon which all of us may build a world where everybody may live in peace and serenity and plenty.   In this course of paper we are going to examine the right to freedom of expression which has seized particular importance. This will be achieved by discussing a famous quotation which is usually attributed to Voltaire; I may disapprove of what you say but I will fight to death for your right to say it. Through this quotation we are going to see and understand the importance of this valuable right in our societies. During our discussion we should always bear in mind that none of the fundamental freedoms, including freedom of expression, is absolute. Main Body Origin of the quotation To start with, although there are more ancient precedents, freedom of expression as it is known today has its basis from the period of Enlightenment. One of the philosophers and political thinkers of that period was Voltaire, a French thinker, who believed strongly in freedom of expression and was a significant contributor to Enlightenment movement. The well known phrase I may disapprove of what you say but I will fight to death for your right to say it is widely attributed to him but it cannot be found in his writings. This can be easily understood since the phrase was firstly appeared in The friends of Voltaire written by Evelyn Beatrice Hall. Hall claimed that this phrase was an epitome of Voltaires attitude and that she has paraphrased Voltaires words; Think for yourselves and let others enjoy the privilege to do so too, in his essay of Tolerance. International standards As indicated in the introduction, the importance of the free expression as a basic and valuable characteristic of democratic society cannot be underestimated. As a result the development of international human rights system which serves as a framework for freedom of expression is of particular interest. All major human rights treaties protect this right: article 10 of the European Convention of Human Rights, article 19 of international covenant on civil and political rights, article 13 of the American Convention on Human Rights and article 9 of the African Charter on Human and People Rights. Freedom of Expression and its importance As we have seen I am using freedom of expression instead of freedom of speech since I view the latter as an umbrella that incorporates the former. Freedom of expression is wider since it includes any form of communication that is capable of conveying meaning. For example behinds including words; it is used for pictures, images, sounds, non-verbal communication etc. As Michael Jackson said The meaning of life is contained in every single expression of life. In practice, freedom of expression serves many functions which are related to each other. First of all, a classic defense of the right to freedom of expression is the one that John Stuart Mill argued On Liberty in 1859. He stated that nobody has the monopoly of truthà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.Anyone has the right to express their views and opinions because truth is not a monopoly term. If people disagree with minoritys opinion should use counter arguments and not suppression. As it was stated in Bose Corporation v Consumers Union  [1]  freedom to speak ones mind is not only of individual liberty but also essential to the common quest for truth and the vitality of society as a whole. Generally in Europeans court of human rights case law, it has been made clear that freedom of expression is guaranteed not only with respect to popular and favorably receivable ideas or information, but also to those that offend shock or disturb. Furthermore, its vital role in ensuring democracy is undisputable and it has been recognized by scholars and judgments of international and national courts. For example In Handyside v UK  [2]  it was stated that freedom of expression in one of the essential foundations of a democratic society and one of the basic conditions for its progress and for the development of every man and woman. As Thomas Carlyle said Every human being has the right to hear what other human beings have spoken to him. It is one of the Rights of Men; a very cruel injustice if you deny it to a man. As it was also stated in Castells v Spain  [3]  it enables everyone to participate in political which is at the core of the concept of democratic society. Philosopher Alexander Meiklejohn argues that the concept of democracy is that of self government by the people. For such a system to work an informed electorate and free flow of information and ideas is necessary. If citizens are able to exercise their righ ts effectively, their wishes would be taken into account and also tyranny, corruption and ineptitude would be restrained. This can only be achieved through open discussion, exchange of opinions in which citizens can have the opportunity to consider and debate alternative ideas. Freedom of expression is important at all levels in society but most important for government. A government which does not know how and what people feel and think is in dangerous position. When criticisms of the government are freely voiced, government has the opportunity to respond to those comments and explain its actions. Thirdly, freedom of expression is an important aspect of an individuals self fulfillment which is a desirable objective. As we all know expression is tied up with humanity since what distinguishes us from animals is the ability that we have to communicate and express our feelings. So we can understand that all people must have the opportunity to express their views; wrong or right, in order to explore and develop their own personal identity. Otherwise we would not be able to be developed both morally and intellectually as individuals and this look like a restriction of our humanity. Summarizing all these, freedom of expression has two dimensions. It has the individual dimension of not to be prevented from manifesting ones own thinking, and the collective right to receive any information and to hear expression of anothers thought.  [4]  As we can understand protection of free expression is meaningless if it does not also extend to ideas and opinions that are generally not acceptable. When citizens are unable to talk to each other, they will increasingly talk against each other, and thus will increasingly misunderstand and mistrust each other.  [5]  As we have seen in many cases of the European court of Human Rights it was said that defense of offensive opinions is one of the demands of pluralism, tolerance and broadmindness without which we can not talk about democratic society. Tolerance is integral and a basic value in our societies. Protecting unpopular opinions is itself an act of tolerance. Also John Stuart Mill supported the idea that we must active ly work against the tyranny of majority opinion. The fact that majority holds an opinion does not necessarily makes it to be true. For example, regarding decision-making we have to consider range of ideas, and a decision is likely to be better if it does not underestimate opinions, interests and needs of minority. Liberals like Voltaire encourage open verbal and written debate, free flow of arguments, free press, art etc. Generally they support that only through open discourse we can learn from others and also encourage others to learn from us. If we not value toleration for unpopular opinions, then we reject our right to live in a tolerant society. As Nigel Warburton said commitment to free speech involves protecting the speech that you dont want to hear as well as the speech that you do. This means that is not enough to express what you want but also not prevent others from doing so. Freedom of Expression and its limits (briefly) However its importance, right of expression may be subjected to some restrictions for respect of rights of other or other values. As Judge Oliver Wendell Holmes stated free speech does not allow one to shout Fire in a crowded theatre. By this he meant that good ideas are those which survive the criticisms and are allowed for further development, in contrast with bad ideas which do not survive criticisms at all. Limitations for freedom of expression may follow the harm or the offence principle. John Stuart Mill introduced what is known as harm principle, stating that freedom of expression can be restricted in order to prevent harm to others. In contrast Joel Feinberg introduced offence principle, arguing that Mills harm principle does not provide sufficient protection against the wrongful behaviors of others. He suggested that some factors must be taken into account when applying his principle. Nowadays although the wording in article 10 paragraph 2 of the European Convention of Human Rights and article 19 paragraph 3 of international covenant on civil and political rights differs, the case law has proved that limitations to freedom of expression are relatively the same in both articles. Although both articles are important we are going just to see briefly the European test. Restrictions can only be applied if they meet the three-part test made by ECtHR  [6]  . Thus they must be prescribed by law, serve a specific legitimate aim and also be necessary in a democratic society. When assessing the restrictions we must always bear in mind the test of proportionality and also each countrys margin of appreciation. Conclusion To sum up all the above, we come to the conclusion that freedom of expression is important for the growth of our species. Our world is increasingly integrated, thus we have to be mature enough to understand that such integration comes with things that we may not want to see and with ideas, opinions and views that we may not like and may not want to hear. Based on the fact that freedom of expression is the most important ability of human beings, every person should have the right to express itself. As the Desmond Tutu maintained the more we recognize people as people, the more we are recognized as people ourselves; and vice versa: the more we degrade other people, the more we debase ourselves further and further away from being fully human. Generally as what Noam Chomsky has stated in the twentieth century If you believe in freedom of speech, you believe in freedom of speech for views you dont like. Stalin and Hitler, for example, were dictators in favor of speech for views they liked only. If youre in favor of freedom of speech, that means youre in favor of freedom of speech precisely for views you despise.  [7]  However we must know that although freedom of expression is a precious gift for people it must not exceeds its limits, thus why restrictions related to this right can be easily understood. After all the above analysis I would like to close, with the main theme of this paper I disapprove of what you say, but I will defend to the death your right to say it.

Transformers: More Than Meets The Eye :: essays research papers

Transformers: More Than Meets The Eye   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When I was younger, I loved to watch cartoons. Although I watched many cartoons, there was one cartoon in particular that caught my attention the most. This cartoon was a science fiction story about robotic lifeforms called The Transformers.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  At that time, The Transformers was the most exciting and important thing in my life. It came on everyday, and I tried not to ever miss an episode. If I knew I would miss an episode, I made sure I had someone record it for me so I could watch it later. I even recorded many shows just to be able to watch them over and over again.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  One day when I was away somewhere, I had my mother record it for me. After returning home, I immediately began to view the tape only to find out that the tape ran out about half way though the show. I remember I was so incredibly angry over not being able to completely watch the episode, that I threw a childish tantrum by crying and yelling at my poor mother.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I later began buying The Transformers action figures; which were developed by Hasbro from the television series. Over the years, I accumulated a collection of about thirty different characters; which I still have stored in my room. I don't think I could ever get rid of them. Also, each Transformer came with a stat card on the back of the box he was sold in that described his various skills and attributes. I used to always cut these stat cards from the back of the boxes, and tape them onto large sheets; which I hung on my bedroom wall. Along with the action figures, I also had Transformer books and Transformer bedsheets. I couldn't get enough of the Transformers. I saw about every episode, and I knew about everything there was to know about them.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Transformers were intelligent robots with the ability to transform from a robot shape to some other shape. The very first Transformers were the Autobots and the Decepticons. The Autobots, who transformed into cars, were the heroes, while the Decepticons, who transformed into jets, were the villains.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The two groups originated over a millennia ago. A race called the Quintessons were the heads of a huge galactic corporation. They built the planet of Cybertron into a huge factory in which to build robotic slaves. They created two basic models: household and entertainment robots, and warrior robots. Whenever one to the slaves began to show signs of intelligence, the Quintessons destroyed them to be used as materials for new robots being created.

The ocean at the end of the lane

There are several characters in the novel The Ocean at the End of the Lane. The characters in the book The Ocean at the End of the Lane are Little Hempstead and an UN-named protagonist. The UN-named protagonist is a seven years old boy and is the character that tells the story, on a first person point of view. † I was seven years old, no longer a little child, but I was wetting myself with fear, like a baby, and there was nothing I could do about it, while Ursula Monotone hung in the air above me and watched, dispassionately† (Caiman 75).The second main character is Little Hempstead; she is a twelve ears old girl and is the one who â€Å"invited† The UN-named protagonist to this magical world. For instance she is the one who brought the protagonist to the Hempstead farm and that is where he got the magic worm stuck to his feet. One can see how the principal characters of this novel are the UN-named protagonist and Little. Throughout Neil Gasman's book there has bee n a few settings revealed. Two settings that are in the novel are Sussex, England and the Hempstead Farm. One of the settings is Ileitis's farm because almost the entire volume takes place there.For instance it is where the climax occurred and where most of the symbolic events happened. The main setting is Sussex, England that is where the story takes place. â€Å"l drove along winding Sussex country roads I only half remembered† (Caiman 13). In this quote the character is forty-three years old and is going back to his homeland because the entire story is technically a flashback. To conclude one can see how the main settings are Sussex and the Hempstead Farm. Many element of figurative language have been demonstrated to the readers in this novel. Figurative examples in the story are personification and metaphor.Personification was used in the book because when Little and the protagonist were against the supernatural they gave human characteristics to the weather. â€Å"The g round hit my stomach, and the wind knocked out of me†(Caiman 125). Many metaphors where used throughout the book mostly when Little and the protagonist were fighting with Ursula. â€Å"She was the storm, she was the lighting she was the adult world with all it power and all it's secrets† (Caiman 76). Conclusively the readers can see how some element f figurative language in the book are metaphors and personification.The book has had many symbols presented to us. Symbols proven to the readers during the book were the pond and the Hempstead Farm. The Hempstead farm is one of the symbols because it represents the magical world and how this entire book revolves around it. For instance Ursula Monotone, she is the main conflict in the novel and she was originally being held in the Hempstead farm. Until the protagonist came and she was able to get inside him. Finally the main symbol is the pond, the pond is what permits tie to stay alive as she sacrificed herself for the prota gonist the pond gave her power to relive.Little says the pond is really an ocean and the protagonist understands why because at the end it is revealed that the lake is an ocean of all the knowledge in the world and represents knowledge and can do everything. â€Å"And it wasn't a pond. It was an ocean. Little Hemlock's ocean† (Caiman 17). â€Å"L knew that when was in the ocean, and knew everything. I understood it all† (Caiman 1 16). To finalize the audience can see how two significant symbols of this novel are the pond and the Hempstead Farm.

What Legitimizes Authority essays

What Legitimizes Authority essays What is authority? In the most basic sense it is the power to command or order. Power is associated with authority. For many, power is the ability to get something done even when there is an opposing force. When asking the question what legitimizes authority it is believed that the consent of the people legitimizes it. When one thinks of authority the government comes into mind. The government holds the authority to execute laws. Jean Jacques Rousseau believes that the government should be based on equality for everyone. Authority can be created through force. Rousseau has established an idea of the General Will. This concept proposes a sort of guideline for communities. Every member of a community has to work to uphold the General Will, so then sovereignty lies within the people of the community and the government. There must be a mutual agreement between authorities and the governed. This means that the governed have agreed to be ruled only so their rulers protect their happiness, property, and rights. Everything must be mutual in society from law to legislator. Rousseau believes that everyone is born free, but all around us are chains. Freedom is a natural condition for human beings. Rousseau explains that our appetites and desires drive us all but at the same time we are also driven to become self- governing and self disciplined people. Authority could be seen as the root of this thought. The philosopher Niccolo Machiavelli believes that it is the seizure of an opportunity that is presented that leads to the position of authority. One must always create a careful and solid plan against his enemy in order to be in authority. In a basic sense one should not hesitate. Authority is created by the powerful. ...

Wilbur and Orville Wright Essays

Wilbur and Orville Wright Essays Wilbur and Orville Wright Essay Wilbur and Orville Wright Essay On December 17, 1903, air power history was made when two brothers, Wilbur and Orville Wright, succeeded in the test of the first powered heavier-than-air flight outside of the town of Kitty Hawk in the American province of North Carolina ( Smithsonian Institution, 2010 ) . Word of this flight would distribute around the Earth and it would be credited as the beginning of the air power industry. Born near Millville, Indiana, in 1867, Wilbur was the first of the brace to come in the universe as the 3rd kid of Milton and Susan ( nee. Koerner ) , with Orville following four old ages subsequently as the 4th kid, being born in Dayton, Ohio. The brothers had an uneventful childhood, but one event that they would remember as the initial flicker of their involvement in flying’ ( Crouch, 2003 ) would be a plaything helicopter’ , based on the work of Gallic aviator Alphonse Penaud, that their male parent brought place from his occupational traveling in 1878. Made from paper and bamboo, the brothers played with it until it broke and so made another to replace it. After they had reached maturity, the state of the United States of America had been in a bike fad due to the innovation of the safety bike. The brothers took advantage of this and during the December of 1896 opened the Wright Cycle Exchange ( U.S. Centennial of Flight Commission, 2003 ) , which was used to supply financess towards their involvement in flight. With intelligence of sailplane flights by three work forces around the mid 1890s, Otto Lilienthal, Samuel Langley and Octave Chanute, and later the decease of Lilienthal in an accident, set in the brothers’ heads, Wilbur wrote to the Smithsonian Institution ( Wright, 1899 ) bespeaking information about astronauticss. After roll uping the mention stuff requested from the Smithsonian, including the plant of Leonardo da Vinci, Lilienthal, Langley and Chanute, every bit good as other beginnings, the brothers studied the plants of their predecessors, detecting the fact that small advancement had been made in astronauticss befo re 1800, despite man’s antique involvement in flight ( Smithsonian Institution et Al ) . The brothers favoured Lilienthal’s scheme, and planned to prove sailplanes before get downing on proving powered flight in order to get the hang control, with the belief that a successful, and safe, flight could be achieved with a dependable method of pilot control. ( Crouch et Al ) Despite holding with Lilienthal’s scheme, they did differ with his manner of control, and were determined to happen something more efficient. An thought that was thought by them to be good is banking, or propensity, likewise to the manner birds fly, every bit good as a bicycler, while leting recovery from leaning from air current. The find of flying warping, which allowed them to accomplish the same consequence, was by Wilbur idly writhing a long inner-tube box at the bike shop’ ( Tobin, 2004 ) . Flying warping was so tested on a five pes biplane kite, in which the warping was controlled via four affiliated cords. In 1900, they went to Kitty Hawk, North Carolina, to get down manned testing of the sailplanes. This location was chosen due to Wilbur bespeaking weather informations from the US Weather Bureau ( Wright, 1903 ) , recommendation from Chanute, its isolation and the fact that it was the closest suited site to Dayton. The sailplanes were based on old sailplane designs, every bit good as their kite. The basic design that was adopted was the Chanute-Herring biplane bent sailplane ( Jakab, 1997 ) . Of the three different designs tested, the first two did non include any kind of tail, due to an wrong premise by Wilbur ( Wright, 1901 ) . The first theoretical account of their sailplanes ( besides referred to as the 1900 sailplane ) was flown like a kite, with few of the trials holding the trade manned, and was ab initio used to prove flying falsifying. Wilbur did make some free glide, nevertheless. The undermentioned twelvemonth brought a new theoretical account of sailplane, with a larger wing country and more trial flights being made to it. The development of the 3rd and concluding sailplane theoretical account, the 1902 sailplane, involved proving 200 different wings in a basic air current tunnel, which led to the find of the benefit of a larger aspect ratio. Finally, the sailplane was built, with a larger flying span once more and now with the inclusion of a rudder to help turning ( Howard, 1988 ) . It besides marked the terminal of the usage of informations gathered by Lilienthal, and alternatively used chiefly data the Wright brothers collected themselves, every bit good as a major milepost in the signifier of accomplishing full control for the pilot. 1903 saw the building of the Wright Flyer, which would be the first powered aircraft to be flown. Using wooden propellors and with a peak efficiency of 82 per centum ( modern wooden propellors have peak efficiency of 85 per centum ) , these were one time once more designed under air current tunnel proving. The engine had ended being built by the machinist of their bike store, Charlie Taylor, after several engine makers failed to run into the brother’s demands ( Crouch et Al ) . This engine was a less sophisticated theoretical account of modern fuel injection systems, and was made from aluminum to maintain weight down. When eventually completed, the Wright Flyer came in at a weight of 274 kgs, sported a 12 horsepower engine and cost less than one thousand dollars ( Tobin et al ) . Come the twenty-four hours of December 14 at their cantonment in the nearby Kill Devil Hills, Wilbur won the coin flip that led him to be the pilot of the first of all time powered heavier-than-air flight, even though the flight merely lasted three seconds and had damaged the trade ( Kelly, 2002 ) . Following flights after fixs had been made, though, had lasted longer, with Orville’s first flight enduring twelve seconds with a distance of 37 meters travelled, and the concluding flight on December 17 measured to be 852 pess ; the clip of the flight was 59 seconds’ ( Kelly, 1943 ) . Those first three seconds of flight, nevertheless, were the most of import, as one of the greatest accomplishments in the history of world was accomplished at that clip. Bibliography Crouch, Tom D.The Bishop s Boys: A Life of Wilbur and Orville Wright. New York: W. W. Norton A ; Company, 2003. ISBN 0-393-30695-X. Wilbur Wright May 30, 1899 Letter to Smithsonian. Smithsonian Scrapbook: Letterss from the Archives. Retrieved: February 25 2014. The Wright Brothers A ; The Invention of the Aerial Age. Smithsonian Institution.Retrieved: February 25 2014. The Van Cleve Bicycle that the Wrights Built and Sold. U.S. Centennial of Flight Commission,2003. Retrieved: February 26 2014. Tobin, James.To Suppress The Air: The Wright Brothers and the Great Race for Flight. New York: Simon A ; Schuster, 2004. ISBN 0-7432-5536-4. Telegram from Orville Wright in Kitty Hawk, North Carolina, to His Father Announcing Four Successful Flights, 1903 December 17 . World Digital Library. 1903-12-17. Jakab, Peter L.Visions of a Flying Machine: The Wright Brothers and the Process of Invention( Smithsonian History of Aviation and Spaceflight Series ) . Washington, D.C. : Smithsonian, 1997. ISBN 1-56098-748-0. Wright, Wilbur. Some Aeronautical Experiments. Western Society of Engineers,September 18, 1901. Kelly, Fred C. , erectile dysfunction.Miracle At Kitty Hawk, The Letters of Wilbur A ; Orville Wright. New York: Da Capo Press, 2002. ISBN 0-306-81203-7. Howard, Fred,Wilbur And Orville: A Biography of the Wright Brothers. New York: Ballantine Books, 1988. ISBN 0-345-35393-5. Kelly, Fred C.The Wright Brothers: A Biography Authorized by Orville Wright. Mineola, New York: Dover Publications, originally published in 1943, 1989. ISBN 0-486-26056-9.

Unit 3 Theoretical Criminology Anomie Theory Essay

Unit 3 Theoretical Criminology Anomie Theory - Essay Example Indeed, the above fact can be used to account for white-collar crime. Of interesting to note is that mertonian approaches leaned towards white-collar crime and the anomie theory was used in explaining this kind of crime. This is based on the fact that the theory tends to explain why crime occurs and as such this can be used to explain why there is occurrence of white collar crime. Notably, criminals adopting cultural endorsed objective or goals of financial success illegally mainly characterize white-collar crime. Most white-collar crimes are related to the need of the offenders to gain money or other stuffs in order to fit in particular social classes or culture. This is more seen in criminals who are out there to become richer than before. As such, social and cultural factors, as considered by Merton, influence white collar jobs (Gomme 56). To emphasize on this, some researches carried out have showed that most convicted white collar criminals were caught while still working and they claim that they were trying to achieve economic success through illegal means (Akers and Sellers 45). As such, they can be said to be innovators given that at the time of committing crime they were after economic success. Innovators are considered to be those individuals who continually embrace material and monetary success as a goal to follow; however, they turn to criminal activities to achieve this success. Street gangs are groups formed mainly youth who are not capable of obtaining what they require through conventional means. Indeed, through these streets groups, the individuals find money and friendship and most of what they desire. Using strain theory, one may attempt to explain how various factors such as homelessness, poverty, lack of opportunity and parenting largely contribute to the formation of crime and crime (Warner and Flower 511). In relation to

Cathay Pacific Airways - China or the World Essay

Cathay Pacific Airways - China or the World - Essay Example Currently, Cathay Pacific Airlines is providing services over 90 destinations, carrying 15 million passengers each year. After the acquisition of 100 percent holding in Dragonair, the Hong Kong-based carrier – the biggest airlines serving the mainland China, outside the mainland, Cathay will bring Dragonair also in the fold of Oneworld alliance on meeting the delivery conditions and support of other alliance members. It is a founder member of Oneworld alliance of ten member airlines. The alliance has a combined network of 700 destinations. Cathay Pacific also code-shares with Oneworld partners -- American Airlines, British Airways, Iberia and Qantas. The question before Cathay Pacific is to either opt for strategic alliances that can develop the mainland market or instead of concentrating on mainland market it should serve the global market. After entering into a conditional agreement on 8 June 2006 of Cathay Pacific with Air China, CNAC Limited, CITIC Pacific and SPAC, parties have agreed to restructure holdings in Cathay and Dragonair and Cathay acquisition of additional shares in Air China. According to the agreement becoming unconditional, Dragonair will become a fully owned subsidiary of Cathay, Air China will become a major shareholder of Cathay, and Cathay will increase its holding in Air China. Reasons for the transaction were that Dragonair was not performing well and was not availing the benefits of economies of scale. This investment in one another’s holdings will help in findings means to improve service, offering, network and growth of Chinese aviation industry. The international connectivity of Cathay and mainly, Hong Kong-China network of Dragonair will not only benefit both airlines, it will better Cathay’s network reach, linking it to China and connecting China to the rest of the world. This transaction will further help in developing Beijing Capital International Airport and Hong Kong International Airport, turning into gateways and hub for mainland China and aviation industry of both Hong Kong and China.  Ã‚  

Kangaroo, an Australian Icon Essay Example for Free

Kangaroo, an Australian Icon Essay An Australian Icon is defined as â€Å"an image or symbolic representation, which often holds great significance and importance to the Australian culture. † Every country has icons that represent their culture and values; Nelson Mandela is an example of a South African icon but also an icon of the world, who represented statesmanship, courage, freedom and equality against apartheid. Australia also has many significant icons such as the Sydney Opera House, Uluru, vegemite, Ned Kelly, and the Koala to name a few. These have all played significant parts in Australia’s background, culture and values. Uniquely Australian. Ultimately, the Kangaroo has to be Australia’s most famous and significant icon, it is known by the majority of people around the world and associated always with Australia. Due to the similarities it shares with the Australian character, it is recognised as the typical icon of Australia. The kangaroo represents Australia in many ways including: the logo for Qantas airlines, mascots for many sporting teams, and all products made in Australia are represented by the gold and green kangaroo trademark. Likewise it is represented on many television programs (e. g. Skippy the bush kangaroo), movies (e. g. kangaroo Jack), songs (e. g.Tie Me Kangaroo Down Sport), toys and souvenirs. Most significantly of all, the kangaroo appears on the Australian Coat of Arms. Being an animal exclusive to Australia as well as one that can’t move backwards, the kangaroo is symbolically appropriate in representing Australia and the countries progress forward. Historical, Social, Cultural Context The kangaroo holds a significant historical, cultural and social background to Australia. Before European settlement (around 1780’s), the kangaroo was an important animal to Aborigines for its meat, hide, bones and sinews. It was also used in Aboriginal dreaming stories (also an icon of Australia). There is a well-known myth about kangaroo’s and how they got their name. When European settlers arrived, seeing such a strange animal they asked the Aboriginals what it was, and they replied with ‘kanguru’. In their language this meant ‘I don’t know’ which is supposedly how the kangaroo got its name. Aboriginal tribes have many different legends regarding the kangaroo and some see it as a reincarnation of their ancestors. Over the past 200 or so years, the kangaroo has broadened a lot in historical significance; it is one of the oldest icons of Australia and therefore should be kept that way. By contributing the Kangaroo to a National Australian exhibition, it will help to keep the icon of the kangaroo alive and significant. The kangaroo represents Australia’s cultural and social background and is internationally recognisable. It represents the Australian character in many ways including: Its size, strength and speed, which make it a national logo/emblem for Australian organisations and especially sporting clubs. Kangaroo’s are also symbolic of another Australian trait; to stick up for your self and not back down. With their large feet and long tail kangaroos find it hard to move backwards, indicating that Australians are people who are moving forward and growing as people of Australia. Discourse Discourses are the â€Å"social and cultural practices through which individuals and groups use language to establish their identities†¦they provide ways of being, thinking, acting and using language so that people can identify themselves in social and cultural networks† Discourses affect peoples views on all things, for example, two different discourses can be used about various guerrilla movements describing them either as freedom fighters or terrorists. The Kangaroo is so well represented as Australian that it has come to support and embody the dominant Australian discourse of both indigenous and non-indigenous people of Australia. This is evident through strength, fighting spirit, individualism, attitude, and their tough/rough personalities. To conclude this proposal, the kangaroo should be contributed to the National Exhibition titled ‘Icons of Australia’ because it represents Australians in such a way that it is known by most people throughout the world. The Kangaroo is recognised culturally, socially and historically and symbolises Australian discourse through its many traits. It is a unique animal to Australia and makes a huge contribution to Australia’s national identity. Representing Australia in so many ways, the kangaroo plays such a big part in Australia’s culture, history and even future, the National exhibit would be such a good way to show and help Australians understand how such an icon can play such a big part in the country of Australia. Bibliography Icon definition: icon ,2008, www. thefreedictionary. com/icon 20/05/08 Kangaroo Myth: Kangaroo, 2000, http://www. frogandtoad. com. au, 20/05/08 Discourse: M. Miller R. Colwin, Queensland Senior English, Macmillan Education).

The Effect of Medication on Plants

The Effect of Medication on Plants Dante Rodriguez Abstract The  Effect  of  Medication  on  Plants The purpose of this project was to find out how someone could help a plant grow by using medication instead of fertilizer. I decided to do this topic and did a lot of research. I decided to use the Kentucky Wonder Pole Plant or Phaseolusvulgaris.The Kentucky Wonder plant is a pole bean which grows upward. I also decided to test it on 4 plants. One plant with water, one with aspirin, one with an antacid, and finally one with an anti-histamine. My hypothesis was that aspirin plant would grow the tallest because of the salicylic acid. The anti-histamine plant would grow normally, because plants dont have histamine. The antacid will grow shorter because it would damage the perfect balance of water. To do this experiment I needed pots, and the three medications which were the manipulated variables. I decide to use 1OOmgs of each medication as the constant variables. I dug a hole, and put the plants in the soil. I watered them once a day, with 15 sprays from my spray bottle. Every day I would measure the plants with a em ruler. I measured in the afternoon so that the plants would get the most growth out of each day. I would mark down my results to see how the height of the plants grew which was the responding variable. I did this for a total of 14 days, or two weeks. After two weeks, I got my results and they will shock you! My results were very intriguing. They showed a strange trend in the growth of my plants. The plant with normal water sprouted first. It continued to be the tallest plant until about day 12. At day 13 the anti-histamine plant surpassed the height of the regular water plant with a final height of 36.5 em. Before that the anti-histamine water was close but did not surpass the height of the regular water that had a total height of 33 em. Then came the aspirin water plant at 29 em. Finally the shortest plant was the antacid at 26 em. The results to my project was surprising. It proved, and disproved my hypothesis. It proved my hypothesis because the antacid grew the smallest. It did this because the Ph of the antacid plant was 6 which is not neutral. Unexpectedly, the aspirin plant didnt grow very well. I believe that this happened due to the fact that aspirin has a trace amount of salicylic acid. Therefore to have an effect you would need about 487mg or about one and a half, high dose aspirin. However what stumped me was why the anti ­ histamine plant grew the largest. I couldnt find any links between anti-histamine, and  the plants. Mainly because plants dont have histamine. If I had to do this project again,  I would attempt different dosages of the medication. Introduction Plants are everywhere. Chances are you even have a plant in your house. They grow everywhere, from the arid desert to the frigid reaches of the North Pole. Now they are even growing in the zero-gravity environment of the international space center. They have even been around longer than us! However it wasnt until 1771 when a British man named Joseph Priestley, discovered that plants gave off oxygen. This was an amazing _ scientific achievement. Now plants served an even better purpose than food. Due to these factors plants are critical to the survival of the human race. One issue is that they take a long time to mature. What if there was a common household medication that could help these creatures grow? After that moment I decided that I would use this for a science fair topic. I decided I would use plants, and 3 different types of medications. Research After choosing this topic I had to make a difficult decision. That decision was what type of plant I would use. To choose which plant I needed to factor in how much sun it needed, when is it in season, and how soon until it would sprout. After that I decided the best plant to use was the bean plant. Then I had another decision, what type? The choice was easy between the bush, and the pole bean. This was because the pole bean was easier to measure then the bush bean. Pole  Bean  plant  Bush  Bean  plant Then I needed to choose which medication to put in the plants. The first medicine I chose was aspirin. Aspirin has many components, one of which is salicylic acid. Salicylic acid is a chemical in plants that involves the growth of plants, and their development. With that information, I decided that would be one my first medications. The next one I chose was an antacid. I chose this because if a plant gets water to acidic it could cause deficiencies. Therefore I tried to see what would happen if I used an antacid. The final medicine I chose was an anti-histamine. Hypothesis After all the research my hypothesis is that the plant with the Aspirin will grow the best, due to the salicylic acid. The antacid plant wont grow as well due to the fact that the Ph of plants water will become alkaline instead of neutral. Also that the anti- histamine plant will grow normally because plants dont have histamine. Materials 4- 6 plant pots 1- Bag of gardening soil 1- Bag of Kentucky Wonder Pole Beans 4- 32. oz. spray bottles 100 mg- aspirin, antacid, anti-histamine Filtered water A em ruler for measuring plants A laptop or notebook (for writing down heights) A sunny area (To place plants) Variables Manipulated Variable: The medicine in the water of the plants Responding Variable: The height of the plant, the healthiness of the plants, and the greenness of the plant Constant Variables: Pot size, water spay amount, dirt type, seed type, location of plant, and the amount of milligrams. Procedure 1. Fill spray bottles with 19 oz. of filtered water 2. Place 100 mgs of medication into separate bottles 3. Let medication dissolve for about 24 hours 4. Fill all 4 pots with dirt 5. Dig hole about 1 deep into the dirt in each of the pots 6. Place a seed in the hole 7. Cover up the plants with a thin layer of dirt 8. Water the plants with 15 sprays daily 9. Measure each of the plants daily, with centimeter ruler 10. Keep track of their heights in a notebook, or a laptop Results The results of my experiment were very interesting, and surprising. They approved, and disproved my hypothesis. Here were my results: .:o 3 Aboveisa chartwiththeheightsofallmyplants He ight of Bean Plants in CmBean Plant Growth Day 13 Day14 33 34 27.5 29 24 24 35 36.5 0 25 20ANl 1> 10 c; 0 Day 1 Cav 2 ::>a> 3 D 1 4 ::: J> c Ddy Day ID y 0 v 9Day Day >ay.JV D y 1011121114 Reg  ·, lt r -Regâ‚ ¬Ã‚ ¢ r . rer-AsroA tl d1c;JS3S LineGraphofPlantHeightBarGraphofPlantHeight My results are displayed above. They show a strange trend in the growth of my plants. The plant with normal water sprouted first. It continued to be the tallest plant until 1 about day 12. At day 128J the anti-histamine plant surpassed the height of the regular water with a final height of 36.5 em. Before that the anti-histamine water was close but did not surpass the height of the regular water that had a total height of 33 em. The third tallest plant was the aspirin water plant at 29 em. Finally the shortest plant was the antacid 26 em. Plants  After  being  potted                                                                           Plants  at  end  of  experiment Conclusion The results to my project was surprising. It proved and disproved my hypothesis. It proved my hypothesis because the antacid grew the smallest It did this because the Ph of the antacid plant was 6 which is not neutral. Neutral is what the plants need which is at number 7 on the Ph scale. Just to make sure there was nothing wrong with my water, I tested the Ph of my tap water, and came out at 7. Unexpectedly, the aspirin plant didnt grow very well. I believe that this happened due to the fact that aspirin has a trace amount of salicylic acid. Therefore to have an effect you would need about 487mg or about one and a half, high dose aspirin. However what stumped me was why the  anti-histamine plant grew the largest. I couldnt find any links between anti-histamine, and the plants. Mainly because plants dont have histamine. If I had to do this project again, I would attempt different dosages of the medications.         

Race for the Super Bomb :: essays research papers

Race For The Super Bomb In 1945, America terrified the world by using the Atom Bomb in Hiroshima and later in Nagasaki. This fear of the most powerful weapon ever created started a cold war between America and Russia. These two great nations had started the race for the super bomb, which would have each country trying to out do the other for decades to come. The super bomb in which America and Russia were trying to build was in fact the Hydrogen Bomb. This bomb had an unlimited blast potential and for the country who possessed it unlimited power. The A-bomb’s explosion was based on the principal of fission (the splitting of atoms), however the H-bomb’s explosion was base on fusion (the coming together of atoms). In August of 1945 Russian President Stalin, turns up the nuclear project in Russia. He put Barria whom was in charge of the secret police, to head the Russian Nuclear program. An American scientist named Edward Teller solicited the American government to build the H-bomb. He was born in Hungary and had learned to fear the communists and the Russians. In April of 1946 the Super Conference was held. Klaus Fuchs was a scientist that worked for Teller at Los Alamos, he told the Russians how to build the A-bomb, and also about Tellers ideas of the H-bomb. He was arrested for spying for the Russians. By chance the America ns found out that there were traces of radioactive material in the air over Russia. They pieced together that Russia had the A-bomb they decided to go ahead with plans to build the super bomb. President Truman came to the conclusion that no matter how bad of a weapon the H-bomb was if was better if we had if first. America had lost some of its power and wanted to gain a new edge. General Curtis Lamay was put in charge of Strategic Air Command to protect America from the threat of nuclear war. Lamay was the ranking Air Force General over the Skies of the pacific and was the man for the job. His strategy was to have an abundant amount of bombers ready to strike every major city in the Soviet Union. He wanted everyone in the Army and Air Force to act as if war was not far away. The first H-bomb was detonated with the force of ten megatons, more that several hundred times the power of the A-bomb.